26^th Cancer Genomics Congress: New Era for Cancer Prevention July 15-16, 2019 Abu Dhabi, UAE | Radisson Blu Hotel, Abu Dhabi Yas Island

Biography:

Salah A Mohamed has completed his PhD from University of Bremen and Postdoctoral studies from Institute of Legal Medicine and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Luebeck. Currently he is an Associate Professor of Experimental Cardiac Surgery at University of Luebeck. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital heart disease and in approximately 50% of cases it is associated with aneurysms of any or all segments of the aorta. Ascending aortic aneurysm is responsible for 1%-2% of all deaths in industrialized countries and poses a challenge on the growing and aging society. Although aortic aneurysms are generally benign, a progressive increase in their diameter can lead to catastrophic and fatal event of acute aortic dissection and aortic rupture. Comprehensive genetic, molecular and proteomic analyses have increased our understanding of the complex cellular processes and signaling involved in the pathophysiology of ascending aortic aneurysms. To support the two known hypotheses proposed to explain the causality in aneurysm formation, intrinsic factors related to vascular remodeling were further investigated and analyzed in patients with congenital BAV and Marfan Syndrome (MFS). In MFS, mutations are present in the gene encoding for the extracellular matrix protein fibrillin-1, which causes the dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. The second hypothesis proposes a weakening of the aortic wall by steady laminar shear stress caused by the malformed BAV. This theory is supported by the asymmetrical extracellular matrix protein expression patterns and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis within the proximal BAV aorta, indicating shear stress-induced changes at certain sites. The interactions between mechanical forces and biological functions are intimately coupled. The medial degeneration in thoracic aortic aneurysms in MFS and tricuspid aortic valve patients shows a progressive increase as the patient’s age. The BAV and ascending aortic aneurysm appears to share multiple etiologies. In BAV-associated aortopathy, the flow conditions and oxidative stress play a decisive role in the dilation of the ascending aorta. Summary of some of the recent developments in the field of cellular and molecular analysis, targeting and highlighting the molecular aspects which could help in elucidating the etiology of aortopathy and help in the development of biomarkers in the clinical setting will also be provided. 

Biography:

Yousef Salama has completed his PhD from the Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan. He is currently working as a Professor at An-Najah National University, School of Medicine. He has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals in the field of cancer and stem cell research.

Abstract:

Inflammation is a well-established driver of carcinogenesis and inflammatory bowel disease patients have an increased risk of developing Colorectal Cancer (CRC). We found high intratumoral expression of the fibrinolytic factor Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in human colorectal tissues. Using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis model, we demonstrate that tPA and plasmin are up-regulated during colon carcinogenesis. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of plasmin or tPA suppressed inflammation-induced tumor formation in AOM/DSS induced mice. Mechanistically, tPA downregulated AP2a and miR-126 by activating NF-kB signaling. Furthermore, tPA via miR126 deregulates factors like HB-EGF, proteases (tPA or MMP9) and CCL2 that are known to promote inflammation-induced CRC. Taken together, our study indicates that targeting plasmin may be useful in the prevention of colon cancer in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. 

Biography:

Confidence Oyebuchi Ukaeje has completed his PhD from the Noble Cyprus International University. He is an active Member of Canadian Society for Microbiology, Nigerian Society for Microbiology.

Abstract:

Essential oil of Cyperus articulatus has recognized fungicidal and antibacterial properties the qualitative chemical composition analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbons and other esters, nootkatone, 6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2- one, retinine, nopinone, cycloeucalenol, anozol, toosendanin, furanone, ethanone and vitamin-A. Cyperus articulatus Essential Oils (CPEOs) loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (CSNPs) was successful synthesized using an oil-in-water emulsion and ionic gelation method. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-vis spectrophotometry. CPEOs had a higher radical-scavenging activity than CSNPs and CPEO-CSNPs at initial storage times. CPEO-CSNPs showed the highest (P<0.05) antioxidant activity over prolonged period of time. Antimicrobial activity of five strains of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19112), Bacillus cereus (LMG 22730), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) showed that all CPEO loaded chitosan nanoparticle inhibited bacterial growth at lower (P<0.05) CPEO loaded chitosan nanoparticle (5 mg/mL MIC) compared to free CPEO (10 mg/mL MIC). 

Biography:

Alka Tomar has completed PhD from ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar and BSc (1978) from Lucknow University and Postdoctoral training at ICGEB, New Delhi, India. She has established Tumor Immunology Laboratory (1996) and published more than 25 research papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Avian Leukosis/Sarcoma Virus (AL/SV), classified as genus Alpharetrovirus under subfamily Orthoretrovirinae and family Retroviridae with Avian Leukosis Virus (ALV) as type species, constitute Leukosis/Sarcoma (L/S) group of diseases/ infections in field flocks. One of the most harmful diseases, L/S group of diseases cause enormous and significant economic losses to global poultry industry due to various neoplastic/non-neoplastic conditions, morbidity and subclinical production losses, besides public health concerns through genome integration, infected chicken origin food products, live virus vaccines and newer virus emergence. AL/SV infection is diagnosed by detection of specific proteins/glycoproteins, which are encoded by gag, pol, env genes. Detection of major gsAg/p27 by sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) or antibodies to p27 by indirect ELISA is the most common biologic/serologic assay currently in-vogue worldwide for diagnosis of AL/SV infections/group of diseases. As p27 is shared among all subgroups falling under exogenous (infectious) and endogenous (majorly noninfectious sequences) viruses, these assays fail to differentiate among different subgroups. Hence, alternate biomarkers need to be worked upon for convenient, precise and early diagnosis of AL/SV infections/group of diseases in poultry flocks. Surface proteomes were prepared from exogenous ALV-A induced liver lymphoma in three dead chickens, as compared Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) induced liver lymphoma in one dead chicken and apparently normal liver tissue from freshly slaughtered chicken. Protein profile resolved in 12% resolving gel in nondenaturing/ native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (native-PAGE) revealed 6-9 bands in ALV-A induced liver lymphoma, as compared six bands in MDV induced liver lymphoma and 10 bands in apparently normal liver tissue surface proteomes. Polypeptide profile resolved in 15% resolving gel in denaturing/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)-PAGE revealed 19 bands (Mean±SE 10.68±0.0-113.85±0.16 kDa) as compared to 11 bands (15.07.60-126.08 kDa) in MDV induced liver lymphoma and 17 bands (10.96-121.75 kDa) in apparently normal liver tissue surface proteomes. Expression or loss of polypeptides from ALV-A induced liver lymphoma and MDV induced liver lymphoma surface proteomes are under exploration as future biomarkers for diagnosis of AL/SV infection/group of diseases in chickens. 

Biography:

Saima Rafique is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics at Air University, Pakistan. Her major interest is the development of nanomaterial and device such as immunosensors for primal detection of cancer and their clinical trials.

Abstract:

A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on the three-dimensional gold electrode for detection of broad range of CA 125 antigen. The Gold Nanostructures (GNS) with large surface area are highly effective for detection of CA 125 cancer biomarker and through human serum. The sensing properties of GNS immunosensor was examined by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with ferricyanide as an electrochemical redox indicator. The developed sandwich electrochemical immunosensor offers an excellent response to detect CA 125 antigen with wide dynamic range from μgml-1 to fgml-1 with low detection limit of 1 fgml-1. The immunosensor is stable, reproducible for the clinical serum samples tested with the developed immunosensor. The prepared immunosensor has the potential to detect CA 125 biomarker as a control and in clinical samples which show abnormally high or low levels of CA 125 in serum. 

Biography:

Fahimeh Faghihi Moghadam has completed her Master of Science degre from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. She is currently working as a Director of Whole Body Hyperthermia at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. She has published more than 22 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Member of European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology at European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology, Germany and also Member of Iranian Association of Medical Physicists.

Abstract:

Hyperthermia refers to elevation tumor temperature from 39 up to 43 degree Celsius. Actually therapeutic hyperthermia has been used as an adjuvant treatment for cancer, since end of the 19th century after observations William Coley who found that tumor is diminished after induction of fever by bacterial toxins. Hyperthermia therapy refers to treatment tumors through heating which has been used since the time of the ancient Egyptians. The term hyperthermia in oncology means treatment of malignant disease by heating in different ways. Hyperthermia nowadays can be applied in combination with other modalities such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Actually the exact mechanism of direct HT-induced cell death is not well understood. Typically there are three categories for hyperthermia, including local, regional and whole body. Based on the temperature whole body hyperthermia classify in three type, mild, fever range and extreme. In mild hyperthermia, the temperature is from 37.5 up to 38.5 degree Celsius in fever range hyperthermia, 38.5 up to 40 degree Celsius and extreme hyperthermia, the temperature above 40 degree Celsius. Nowadays whole body hyperthermia known as immunotherapy related to cancer treatment in oncology. To regard as many studies that has demonstrated immunological effects of Fever Range Whole-body Hyperthermia (FR-WBH). The most important role of elevation temperature in fever range is immunological effects. It is now appreciated that heating tumors (in situ) can activate vascular, metabolic and immunologic parameters of the tumor microenvironment which may play an additional role in radio chemosensitization beyond hyperthermia induced cell killing of tumor cells. Here we will review whole body hyperthermia related to cancer treatment. 

Biography:

Shaimaa Ahmed Abdel-Mougood has completed her Masters and Diploma degree in Biotechnology from Alexandria University, Egypt. She is interested in pharmaceutical biotechnology, molecular biology, cell biology, oncology, photochemistry, nanotechnology and drug-design researches.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Survivin gene is a member of IAP (Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins) family. It’s over expression has been demonstrated in tumors of breast, as well as in esophagus, pancreas, bladder, uterus, cervix, ovary, large-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and leukemia, neuroblastomas, melanomas, gastric tumors, colon, stomach, liver, oral, thyroid, laryngeal, osteosarcoma and prostate cancer. The main objective was to investigate the level of this marker in treated and untreated Ehrlich tumor bearing mice with prodigiosin (a red pigment extracted from Serratia marcesens has different biological functions) and study of its relationship with the growth of tumor and survival of Ehrlich tumor bearing mice.

Methods: Apoptosis was investigated by immunohistochemistry staining technique and survivin gene expression was investigated quantitatively PCR in six different groups of Erlich tumor bearing mice each group has 10 mice and groups were classified as follow: Group (A1) treated with 5 mg prodigiosin for 14 days; group (A2) treated with 5 mg prodigiosin for 21 days; group (B1) treated with 10 mg prodigiosin for 14 days; group (B2) treated with 10 mg prodigiosin for 21 days; group (C1) untreated group and killed after 14 days and group (C2) untreated group and killed after 21 days.

Results: Survivin gene expression was decreased in treated groups (A1, A2, B1 and B2 groups) compared to those without treatment (C1 and C2 groups) and it was clear that survivin expression was affected by both time factor (14 vs.21 days) and prodigosin dosage (5 mg vs.10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight) which are two key determinants affecting the good response in treated groups. Extending the treatment time from 14 to 21 days in both groups A1 vs. B1 and A2 vs. B2 respectively resulted in significant decrease in surviving expressions in both groups. For insistence, in B2 group (10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight for 21 days), the level of survivin expression decreased 4.38 times than that of the untreated group (C2 only tumor cells). Whilst, in A2 group (10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight for 14 days), the level of survivin expression decreased 1.55 times that than of the untreated group (C2, only tumor cells). Pertaining to prodigosin dosage, it was clear that increasing the dosage from 5-10 mg /kg body weight resulted in significant reduction in survivin expression from (1.197-1.55) and (2.22-4.38) compared to C1 and C2 groups, respectively.

Conclusion: Survivin gene expression levels showed a significant relationship with prodigiosin doses and time of treatment. This notion is clinically important, because increased survivin expression is closely associated with tumorigenesis, poor prognosis and drug resistance.

Biography:

Hina Saeed is working as Doctoral Researcher in Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bhawalpur, Pakistan.

Abstract:

Biomarkers are quantifiable indicator related to any physiological change in the body. There are different types of biomarker in the sera of breast cancer patients has been studied which is either circulating or non-circulating in nature. In breast cancer, tumor markers, cancer antigen and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) have been used to help monitor advanced disease. However, like most circulating protein biomarkers, miRNAs, they suffer from sub-optimum performance and more accurate molecules are needed, alone or in combination with existing biomarkers. Therefore, the improved ability to monitor malignancy in the blood from breast cancer patients using biomarkers may be helpful for determining response to treatments in the future. 

Biography:

Shahrzad Soleiman has completed her Master of Science degree from Shahrekord Azad University, Iran. She is currently working as the Director of Laboratory Science Departments in Jahad University, Isfahan, Iran. She has published more than 5 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: Sentinel lymph node micrometastasis detection improves outcome for breast cancer follow up procedure. The aim of the current study is to identify gene profiles that accurately predicted the outcome of breast cancer patients. The HOXB13/IL17B ratio in addition to mammaglobin expression status has been evaluated regarding to tumor’s features.

Method: Fifty (50) tumor sample from breast cancer patients were analyzed for the expression of three genes using quantitative-PCR. Also clinical verification for recurrence to distant organs was performed. Three gene signatures were confirmed based on tumor’s stage, grade, ER status using conditional logistic regression.

Results: Based on these findings, the negative reported lymph nodes for metastasis had micro metastasis in significant values. There was a significant difference between normal and cancer samples in three gene expression markers and also there was meaningful relationship between three gene expressions with tumor’s grade, stage according to progression of tumor.

Conclusion: A novel gene expression signature predictive of micro metastatic patients was evaluated. In this analysis, relationship between these genes with tumor features that finding clear role for these genes with tumor’s outcome needs to be established. 

Biography:

Priya Shukla is currently pursuing her Bachelor of Technology degree in Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, India with aspirations to serve patients utilizing her technical knowledge.

Abstract:

Orthopedic disorders are diverse and many a times we get co-existing pathologies existing in a same patient at the same time. Therapeutic modalities need to be planned such that we can address all the pathologies at the same time. This needs a lot of varying investigations and biomarker assessments to be done in a single sitting. In emergency situation, when the life and limb salvage procedures are being done on the patient, the treating team might miss to recall some of the investigative procedures. Our aim was to make an android application which assists the emergency orthopedic team for complete management of the patient. We created an android application on the basis of iterative water fall model. The main objective of iterative development is to build the system incrementally, starting from the partial system features and gradually adding more features until the entire system is completed. The model passed through various phases like system and software requirements, architectural and detailed design, coding, testing, etc. Initially the data flow diagram was made which passed through level-1 assessment followed by entity relationship diagram. We delivered a working android application which will help orthopedic surgeons and the attendants of patients to understand the type and seriousness of ailment they are suffering from. The treating team will not miss any investigation or therapeutic need after making diagnosis of the patient. 

Biography:

Iliya Rafiei has completed his Bachelor’s degree in Cellular and Molecular Biology from Shiraz University, Iran. He is currently working on his MSc thesis in Research Institute for Fundamental Science at Tabriz University, Iran. He has worked as a Research Assistant on multiple researches conducted at RIFS and also a couple of manuscripts with his participation have been submitted to peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Early ducts of breast tumors are unequivocally acidic, due to the combination of high rates of glycolysis with poor perfusion. Pre-malignant cells must adapt to this acidosis to thrive. Cancer cells plasticity promotes their diversity and contributes to tumor evolution through intratumoral heterogeneity. Plasticity of cancer cells enables them to shift between a more differentiated state and less or undifferentiated state. Here in, using RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing and their differentially expressed, integrative network analysis using a motif exploring and motif ranking scheme we found a core regulatory sub-network in acid adapted breast cancer cells playing role in cancer plasticity. Our further integrative analysis of RNA sequencing and SILAC proteomics resulted in validation of two hubs of this sub-network. We further validated our finding both in vitro using q-RT-PCR, western blot and Immuno-cytochemistry (ICC) and in patient samples TMA by IHC analysis. We concluded that this cluster plays role in plasticity of breast cancer cells resulting from adaption to acidic microenvironment of early breast cancer. Survival analysis of patients showed lower survival of patients with higher expression of acid-induced plasticity clusters. Hence, this study suggests essential roles of acid adaptation in cancer cells plasticity and its derived heterogeneity mechanism that can be used as therapeutic strategy targeting both acid-adapted and plastic phenotype. 

Biography:

Fahimeh Faghihi Moghadam has completed her Master of Science degree from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. She is currently working as a Director of Whole Body Hyperthermia at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. She has published more than 22 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Member of European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology at European Society of Hyperthermic Oncology, Germany and also Member of Iranian Association of Medical Physicists.

Abstract:

Introduction & Objective: The out-of-filed dose can be clinically important as it related to normal tissue irradiation as the aim of the radiation therapy is decrease Normal Tissue Complications (NTCP) while increasing Tumor Control Probability (TCP). Actually radiotherapy treatment planning systems are not commissioned for the out-of-field dose calculations, although the estimation of dose distributions accuracy by TPSs beyond the borders of treatment fields receives less attention. Today’s using modern radiotherapy techniques such as IMRT because of many advantages is most common, while the increase time delivery and also higher number of Monitor Units (MU), results to increase dose outside the fields which can lead to increases potentially risk of secondary cancers after treatment. Based on documents, increase in collimator scatter and head leakage has been estimated to increase carcinogenic risk. Little work has been done to quantify this out-of-filed dose calculation Inaccuracy for Modern Technique (IMRT) and any type of TPSs. The objective of this study is evaluation of uncertainties of out-of-field dose calculation using model based dose calculation algorithm, Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA), through the comparison of phantom measurements.

Method: In this study, experimental measurements were performed by Delta+4 phantoms for evaluation of IMRT technique. The calculations of the eclipse (AAA algorithm) treatment planning system in the dose values were compared with the measurement values by the Delta4+ phantom in 9 field sliding window IMRT technique for 10 patients with prostate cancer. The dose outside the field was calculated in absolute organ dose value and dose distribution as dose volume histogram values in all plans.

Result: According to the results of this study, the underestimation in average was demonstrated 38.80% in eclipse (AAA) TPS. The average error was Significant (P value<0.05). The clinical impact resulting from the error on the calculated doses were analyzed by using dose volume histogram. In cases of IMRT plans the AAA algorithm significantly underestimated the out-of-field dose (P-value<0.05). The average percentages of dose deviation in 10 plans for femoral head were 95.7 while for the organ closer to the target (rectum) were found 79.81.

Conclusion: In conclusion based on these results the calculations of dose contributions by the TPSs were poor in out-of-field area. In IMRT technique the underestimated of the dose calculations by AAA algorithm in the organs outside the field was proved, while the magnitude of the underestimation were different and was more in the organs far from the field edge. The underestimations of the Eclipse TPS were increase with increase the distance from field edge and also were significantly depended on the distance of the organ from field edge. 

Biography:

Nusrat Shamima Nur has completed her MBBS from Chittagong University and currently pursuing her Post-graduate studies at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. She has published more than five papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Aim: To find out the relation of neoplasia or tumor oncology with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Method: Twenty-four (24) individuals free of obsession and compulsion before diagnosing a case of malignancy have screened by using five screening questions of OCD known as Zohar-Fineburg Obsessive Compulsive Screen (Z-FOCS) after diagnosing malignancy. Samples are collected from Medical Oncology Department and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.

Result: Among 24 individuals there are 19 males and 5 females. From the individuals diagnosed cases are mentioned where there is one carcinoma of mastoid process, two carcinoma of lung, one soft tissue sarcoma, one gonadal germ cell tumor, one hepatocellular carcinoma, five acute lymphoblastic leukemia, four acute myelocytic leukemia, two burkitt lymphoma, three non-hodgkin lymphoma, two breast cancer, two neuroblastoma. Among these 24 malignant individual fifteen people are washing and cleaning a lot. Eight people check things a lot. Three people have any thought that keeps bothering them that they would like to get rid of but cannot. Three people take a long time to finish their daily activities. Seventeen people have orderliness or symmetry.

Conclusion: Usually obsessive compulsive disorder is related to posterior cranial fossa meningioma. But other types of carcinomas can initiate many obsession and compulsion. In this survey there is only a screening scale named Zohar Fineburg Obsessive Compulsive screening has used. For better assessment other module should be used to identify the relationship between OCD and different types of cancer accurately.

Biography:

Manikonda Prakash Rao, Healthcare specialist, Awadree for excellence in Mucus related respiratory Health, Hyderabad, Telangana has completed his Master’s Degree, International Law and Legal Studies, and was a Gold Medalist in International law and Constitutional law. He presented papers at various international Medical conferences. So far he participated in about 20 conferences including All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi for Geriatric conferences, WAO of US for conferences in immunology and allergy etc. He was also made the Chairperson at Multi disciplinary healthcare conferences organized by All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi in the year 2014 and 2016. Recently he presented papers at Indo global health summit and expo at Hyderabad and other summits on Throat and Lung cancers – prevention and Management through exercise interventions.

Abstract:

The objective of the paper is to create awareness among people about alternative and complimentary methods to protect themselves from various respiratory diseases including throat and lung cancers.

The diseases cause the following changes in airways.

(1) Inflammation: Acute inflammation is a defense process whereas chronic inflammation is a disease process.

(2) Hyper secretion of mucus: Is the result of goblet cell hyperplasia in respiratory mucosa and is a prominent future of inflammation. They go together. Chronic mucus hyper secretion is a potential risk factor for an accelerated loss of lung function. The thick viscous mucus in the lungs will be conducive to pathogens. Continued inflammation and mucus hyper secretion may significantly contribute to transformation of normal cells into pre-cancerous cells and later into cancerous cells i.e. the scope for series of mutations on genes may get increased.

(3) Bronchospasm: Is an additional factor in asthma patients. Exercise is a potent medication in history. It can be used as a tool to manage various respiratory diseases including throat and lung cancers. Cleaning Upper airway passages, mouth, nose and pharynx, the primary sites of colonization of pathogens and the sinuses, the way stations to the brain are the exercises. These exercises should be practiced with hypertonic solution i.e., a solution having greater osmotic pressure than that of cells or body fluids and draws water out of cells thus inducing plasmolysis.

Physical, aerobic and yogic exercises help in strengthening the inspiratory and expiratory muscles. Any mucus related respiratory health problem commences from upper airway passages and spread to tracheo bronchial tree as they constitute only one pathway. The mucociliary clearance mechanism becomes defunct when excess and sticky mucus forms. Once the upper airway passages are cleaned of it, the defunct cilia become active and ciliate mucus towards mouth and it can be pushed out easily. The upper airway passages and the bronchial airways get cleaned from excess and sticky mucus.

The diseases originating from its pathway come under control. The exercises are based on the concept “Once the offending factor, excess mucus is removed, the origin of it, inflammation gets resolved”. as a result of management of the above two factors, the gene damaging effect may get reduced i.e., the scope for series of mutations on genes may get reduced. 

Biography:

Alemseged Berhane Tesfa has pursued his specialization in Pediatrics and Child Health from Mekelle University, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. He had been Chief Pediatric Resident for which he received certificate of recognition. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and highly interested in evidence-based medicine in his future career.

Abstract:

Background: Despite advances in the field of pediatric oncology cancer remains a leading cause of death in children. The delays in cancer diagnosis may occur throughout the diagnostic pathway.

Diagnosis of childhood cancer as early as possible is crucial to reduce mortality. This study identified determinants of delayed diagnosis among pediatric cancer patients.

Method: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric cancer patients less than 18 years. Data collection was done by interviewer-administered structured questionnaire from the volunteer primary caregiver from 1st September 2017 to 30th August 2018. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Diagnosis delay was considered significant when it is above the 3rd quartile. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between the determinant factors and the dependent variable. Finally, variables with P-value <0.05 were considered as determinants of delayed diagnosis.

Results: From a total of 102 patients, 71(69.6%) of them had delayed diagnosis. Children older than 10 years of age were four (AOR=4.01; 95% CI=1.55-12, P<0.001) times more likely to get delayed relative to under five children. Rural residence (AOR=3.3; 95% CI=1.24-10.24, P<0.001), uneducated parents (AOR=3.4; 95% CI=1.91-13.25, P=0.009), parents with monthly income less than 1000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR=6.1; 95% CI=1.76-7.23, P<0.001), absence of health insurance (AOR=2.4; 95% CI=1.50-3.50, P=0.02), visit to holy water (AOR=3.4; 95% CI=1.6-7.2) and those who think cancer is incurable (AOR=2.7; 95% CI=1.3-14, P=0.004) were also likely to be delayed.

Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis of childhood cancer was a major issue and most influenced by the child’s age, residency, family’s socioeconomic status, parental education, health insurance, visit of holy water and caregiver’s perception on curability of cancer. Thus, every effort should be made to promote public and parental awareness of childhood cancer and promoting health insurance. 

Biography:

Dhakane Vishal Uttam has completed his Diploma in Chemistry and Bachelor of Technology in Chemical Engineering from VJTI Mumbai and Mumbai University, respectively. He is currently pursuing Post-graduate studies from Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU), School of Nuclear Science and Technology, India and also working as Teaching Assistant of Chemistry in PDPU. He has published three papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

In 21^st century, the major biological problem in living organisms is cancer. Lots of people die due to this disease because of unavailability of proper remediation and the cost of the medicine. So, we are proposing minimum cost and efficient treatment model by the help of neutron radiation. In this model we are covering energy, radiation, efficiency, cost and availability as our main aspects. The role of radiation in cancer treatment is the destruction and controlling the growth of cancer cells. Here, the major nuclear phenomenon utilized is neutron capture reaction followed by the release of gamma rays which is the main component for the destruction of cancer cells. To reduce the effect of neutron radiation we inject boron enriched in the form of boron-10 (B^10). This particular isotope of boron has got a very high neutron absorption cross-section leading to the excess neutron capture which may damage other non-harmful living cells of the living organism. Boron Neutron Collection Treatment (BNCT) is biochemical target radiotherapy based on atomic infections and decay reactions, which occurs when radioactive borides are irradiated with high linear term neutrons, element components, natural boron, which transmits energy to alpha particles and returns lithium 7. Clinical significance of BNCT is mainly focused on high-level glioma treatment, recurrent head and neck cancer and primary or metastatic melanoma. The source of BNCT neutron is currently limited to a specially modified nuclear reactor, so cost of material is high. That's why we are proposing nuclear waste can be converting by some nuclear reaction and it is the source of neutron. Boron-10 is high thermal neutron absorption cross section area so we can thermalize the neutron and then use for therapy. During this process lot of heat is generated in source container that we are using as an electricity generator which is useful in power cut off scenario. It became a cost effective cancer treatment model by using nuclear radiation. 

Biography:

Abstract:

Aging is a natural phenomenon that has attracted extensive biological research efforts in past. Interest in this area is growing since the discovery of single gene mutations that extended the life-span of laboratory model organisms. Many molecules have been reported to extend the life-span of laboratory model organisms. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor controlled lifespan extension in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is due to some lifespan-extending mutations. Diet restriction method can also extend the life-span of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study we have tested the group of vitamins (vitamin B1, B2, B9, B12 and A) by feeding them at different concentrations to Drosophila. It is observed that vitamin B1 at 5 μM, vitamin B2 at 500, 200, 1 μM, vitamin B9 at 500, 200 μM, vitamin B12 at 500 μM, vitamin A at 1 μM, concentrations enhanced the average age of Drosophila population. Further the anti-aging effects of aforementioned group of vitamins are needed to be explored at molecular level in Drosophila.

Biography:

Hadil Mohammad Alahdal has completed PhD from Bristol University (2018), School of Medical Studies. She is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Biological Department at Princess Nora University.

Abstract:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators and play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases and brain disorders. MiR-21, a miRNA that is dysregulated in cancers including glioblastomas, targets cellular processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiR-21 has been shown to be upregulated following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury; this upregulation has been postulated to reduce lesion size, enhance cell survival and confer better neurological outcome.

Due to its effects on cell proliferation and survival, miR-21 was speculated to play a role in adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain. The effect of altering miR-21 levels on the cell fate of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus was investigated using transgenic mice that globally either overexpress miR-21 (miR-21 OE) or lack miR-21 (miR-21 KO). First, increased neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus (DG) of miR-21 OE mice was detected, while miR-21 KO mice showed reduced neurogenesis in the same area. Transgenic mice lacking miR-21 (miR-21 KO) demonstrated impairment in learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze task. Mir-21 KO mice also showed reduced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. To further understand the pathways that are involved in miR-21 regulation in the adult brain, miR-21 targets were investigated experimentally and using bioinformatics prediction tools. These results suggest that miR-21 plays an important role in regulating adult neurogenesis and learning behavior. Overall, this is the first study to investigate miR-21 altered expression role in the adult normal brain. Linking miR-21 role in this study to increased miR-21 levels in the brain and spinal cord after injury will help to identify possible therapeutic strategies for treating traumatic injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

Biography:

Abdulrahman Mahdi Al-Ameer is a master student at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Background: Tumor protein 53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. TP53 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 and encodes for TP53 protein which plays a significant role in many cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, genomic stability and DNA repair. In hematological malignancies, the prevalence of p53 mutations is low compared to other tumors but associated with a complex karyotype, poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy.

Due to the lack of data in the prevalence and prognostic value of TP53 mutations among hematological malignancies in Saudi patients, we aimed in this study to evaluate the frequency and prognostic significance of TP53 mutations in different hematological malignancies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Method: Ten (10) samples from different hematological malignancies were tested for TP53 mutations using a next-generation platform.

Results: 1/10 samples showed the incidence of a heterozygous mutation at codon 175 (exon 5) of the p53 gene that replaces histidine with arginine. The mutation was found in an MDS patient and associated with a complex karyotype and TP53 gene deletion.

Conclusion: The data showed that incidence of TP53 mutations in hematopoietic malignancies are infrequent which are consistent with the general observations. Interestingly, the mutation which we observed in our study was never been reported in the available p53 mutations databases, indicating the first discovery of this mutation. Further studies are needed to analyze a larger number of Saudi hematopoietic malignancies to find whether this mutation is unique in a certain population. 

Biography:

Eissa Ali Saad Saeed is currently pursuing PhD from Pramukhswami Medical College, India. He Completed his BSc in Medical laboratory Science and MSc Medical laboratory Technology. He participated in University course “Research writing in language & communication”, Seminar on “Application of next generation sequencing”, National conference on health professional’s education at P S medical college (bioethics workshop) “Ethical issues in patient care”. His PhD work was accepted for publish in UGC approval International Journal with 4.9 impact factor.

Abstract:

Background: The clinical diagnosis of enteric fever is difficult due to the similarity of symptoms to the other febrile illnesses. Laboratory diagnostic tools currently in use are either not reliable or take time contrary to the requirements. Bacterial culture with its inherent limitation of poor sensitivity is still used as the gold standard, but this facility may not be available in many laboratories more so in endemic areas. Serological tests for detection of antigen and antibody as well as molecular detection test have variable results.

Aim: The aim is to develop a strategy for rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis in a suspected case of enteric fever, by detection of anti-Salmonella antibody, especially IgM from patients’ serum and antigens as well as S. Typhi genome from enriched bile broth.

Methods: The study included patients with fever for maximum duration of 10 days. A total number of 117 samples of such patients were subjected to blood culture (BacT/Alert ®PF Culture Bottles) and/or clot culture (in bile broth). Patients’ serum was used for antibody detection by IgM-ELISA as well as Widal test and enriched bile broth was used for flagellar H antigens detection by latex agglutination test and bacterial genome detection by nested PCR. Both IgM ELISA and nested PCR methods were specifically designed for detection of S. Typhi infection. Latex particles coated with specific Salmonella H antibody were used for detection of flagellar H antigens from bile broth. Widal test was also performed as a routinely used method in diagnosis of enteric fever. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of tests were calculated against blood and/or clot culture as a gold standard. Keeping in mind the low sensitivity of blood/clot culture, as an alternative strategy, a combination of a battery of three or more tests were evaluated for laboratory confirmation against blood culture. Agreement between the results of more than one test other than blood/clot culture was also evaluated. Excel 2007 and SPSS 15.0 were statistical software used for data analysis of the tests.

Results: Out of 44 culture isolates, S. Typhi was found in 73%, S. Paratyphi A in 23% and S. Paratyphi B in 4%. The most common age affected was between 6 to 15 years. In comparison to the blood culture as gold standard, nested PCR was found to be 100% sensitive, with specificity of only 9.6%. Widal test had maximum positive predictive value (46.9%) followed by IgM-ELISA (40.4%). Latex agglutination test showed maximum specificity of 70.45% against gold standard. Blood culture sensitivity was 43.3% with 5.5% negative predictive value when compared with three or more battery tests.

Conclusion: Battery of two or three rapid tests like, IgM-ELISA, latex agglutination and nested PCR can be used as a good strategy for rapid diagnosis of enteric fever. However, nested PCR must be studied further to evaluate it as gold standard for an early diagnosis of enteric fever. 

Biography:

Shaghayegh Zokaei has pursued BSc degree in Genetic Molecular Biology from Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch. He has been working since 2018 as a Trainee in Farhud Genetic Clinic, Tehran, Iran. 

Abstract:

Introduction: Every year, around 239,000 new cases of women in the world are diagnosed with ovarian cancer with only below 45% survival rates. There are many factors which can increase the risk of ovarian cancer such as family history, mutation status, number of pregnancies, breastfeeding, physical activity and in general, lifestyle. According to the large number of studies, IVF, regarded as a method of treatment for infertility, may raise the risk of ovarian cancer.

Methods: The study is a review article and more than 70 articles in PubMed and Google Scholar has been studied to evaluate the future risk of ovarian carcinoma in women treated with IVF.

Results: It is evidence that women who had a long period of treatments with high doses of fertility drugs can develop ovarian cysts which can lead to ovarian cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that women be checked for personalized medicine before conducting IVF.

Conclusion: Studies in this field gives different results. In studies with a large sample size in this field clearly show the risk of developing ovarian cysts and cancer of the ovary in women treated with IVF. The drugs used in this method, like clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins, greatly hyper stimulate the ovary and may lead to ovarian cyst and risk of ovarian cancer. Altogether, different aspects of IVF courses should be considered. Each couple should enter these therapies with regard to their personalized medicine in order to avoid longterm infertility treatment in the event of an inherited risk of ovarian cancer.